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	<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Jasongeek</id>
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	<updated>2026-06-10T18:36:51Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=A_Rave_Called_Sharon&amp;diff=19</id>
		<title>A Rave Called Sharon</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=A_Rave_Called_Sharon&amp;diff=19"/>
		<updated>2026-05-25T01:35:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;Now I have what I need. Here&amp;#039;s the MediaWiki-formatted article:  ---  ```mediawiki {{Infobox nightclub | name        = A Rave Called Sharon | location    = San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States | type        = Rave / dance event series | active      = Early 1990s | genre       = House, Acid house, EDM | key_people  = Sharon Virtue (organiser and namesake) }}  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;A Rave Called Sharon&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; was a rave event series...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Now I have what I need. Here&#039;s the MediaWiki-formatted article:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
---&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
```mediawiki&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox nightclub&lt;br /&gt;
| name        = A Rave Called Sharon&lt;br /&gt;
| location    = San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States&lt;br /&gt;
| type        = Rave / dance event series&lt;br /&gt;
| active      = Early 1990s&lt;br /&gt;
| genre       = [[House music|House]], [[Acid house]], [[Electronic dance music|EDM]]&lt;br /&gt;
| key_people  = Sharon Virtue (organiser and namesake)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;A Rave Called Sharon&#039;&#039;&#039; was a [[rave]] event series organised in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in the early 1990s. Named after its organiser, Sharon Virtue, it became one of the more distinctive and celebrated events of the Bay Area underground dance music scene, attracting notice for its emphasis on communal experience, early technology installations, and inclusive, [[PLUR]]-adjacent ethos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background and naming==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The event took its name directly from Sharon Virtue herself. According to Virtue, the title arose because her DJ and event-producing friends were particularly enthusiastic about watching her dance — the party was, in a sense, a tribute to her presence on the dance floor.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://48hills.org/2024/10/sf-rave-doc-between-the-beats-finally-hits-the-streets/ |title=SF rave doc &#039;Between the Beats&#039; finally hits the streets |publisher=48 Hills |date=2024-10-31}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Virtue herself became a visible figure in the Bay Area scene more broadly, later appearing in the 2024 documentary &#039;&#039;[[Between the Beats]]&#039;&#039;, which chronicled the early 1990s San Francisco rave subculture.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://brokeassstuart.com/2024/10/13/between-the-beats-a-trip-back-to-s-f-s-early-1990s-rave-subculture/ |title=&amp;quot;Between The Beats&amp;quot;: A Trip Back To S.F.&#039;s Early 1990s Rave Subculture |publisher=Broke-Ass Stuart |date=2024-10-13}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Events and atmosphere==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Rave Called Sharon held events at warehouse venues in and around San Francisco, including locations in [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]].&amp;lt;ref name=newsweek&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/through-looking-glass-197336 |title=Through the Looking Glass |publisher=[[Newsweek]] |date=1992-04-26}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Attendees documented in a 1992 &#039;&#039;Newsweek&#039;&#039; feature made their way to events by carpool, reflecting the word-of-mouth, community-organised nature of Bay Area raving at the time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The events were notable for their theatrical and experiential elements, which set them apart from more straightforward dance nights. These included:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Laser art installations&#039;&#039;&#039; featuring messages such as &amp;quot;Sharon Finds Destiny&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Early virtual reality helmets&#039;&#039;&#039;, through which attendees could experience computer-generated art&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Interactive contraptions&#039;&#039;&#039; such as a device billed as &amp;quot;Dr. X-Static&#039;s Electro Brain Pulverizer,&amp;quot; a humming prop framed as a &amp;quot;mind-improvement&amp;quot; machine&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Live fluorescent painting&#039;&#039;&#039;, with a resident artist painting in real time on the dance floor, using pink when the music peaked&amp;lt;ref name=newsweek/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This blend of technology and spectacle reflected the particular character of the Bay Area scene, which drew heavily from [[Silicon Valley]]&#039;s early tech community. The crowd at A Rave Called Sharon was noted to include many tech workers who had, as &#039;&#039;Newsweek&#039;&#039; observed, recently discovered that the aesthetics of rave culture suited them.&amp;lt;ref name=newsweek/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One documented event, &#039;&#039;&#039;Sharon Finds Destiny&#039;&#039;&#039;, took place in June 1992.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://flyers.synthesizer.org/ |title=Synthesizer Flyer Archive |accessdate=2024}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Music==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The musical palette of A Rave Called Sharon was rooted in the [[house music]] and [[electronic dance music]] styles dominant in the early Bay Area rave scene. Acts associated with the broader milieu included [[Happy Mondays]], [[808 State]], and [[The Shamen]] — acts whose output was described at the time as synthetic funk heavy on bass lines. Virtue characterised the night&#039;s spirit as one of unqualified positivity and togetherness, an ethos that extended to the music programming.&amp;lt;ref name=newsweek/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultural context==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Rave Called Sharon is regarded as one of a cluster of seminal San Francisco Bay Area rave events active in the early 1990s. It is cited alongside parties such as [[Toon Town (rave)|Toon Town]], Come Unity, Full Moon Raves, Stompy, Funky Tekno Tribe, and events run by the [[Wicked (rave collective)|Wicked]] crew as having helped define the character of the local scene.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.okayfuture.com/features/throwback-thursdays-san-francisco-raves-1990s.html |title=Throwback Thursdays: San Francisco Raves in the 1990s Pt. 1 |publisher=Okay Future |date=2014-06-12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The event received national attention when it was featured in a 1992 &#039;&#039;[[Newsweek]]&#039;&#039; article, &amp;quot;Through the Looking Glass,&amp;quot; one of the mainstream press&#039;s early attempts to document and explain American rave culture to a general audience. The article used A Rave Called Sharon as its central case study, framing the San Francisco scene as distinctly optimistic and technologically curious compared to rave cultures developing elsewhere in the United States.&amp;lt;ref name=newsweek/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sharon Virtue was among the women who played significant organising roles in the Bay Area scene at a time when its history was often recorded with a primarily male focus. Her inclusion in the documentary &#039;&#039;Between the Beats&#039;&#039; (2024) was noted as part of that film&#039;s effort to recover a more complete picture of who built the scene.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://48hills.org/2024/10/sf-rave-doc-between-the-beats-finally-hits-the-streets/ |title=SF rave doc &#039;Between the Beats&#039; finally hits the streets |publisher=48 Hills |date=2024-10-31}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[San Francisco rave scene]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Toon Town (rave)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Between the Beats]] (2024 documentary)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rave culture in the United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[PLUR]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://flyers.synthesizer.org/ Synthesizer Flyer Archive] — Bay Area rave flyer archive including A Rave Called Sharon materials&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.newsweek.com/through-looking-glass-197336 &amp;quot;Through the Looking Glass&amp;quot;], &#039;&#039;Newsweek&#039;&#039;, April 1992&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Rave events]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Music events in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1990s in San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronic dance music in the United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Underground culture]]&lt;br /&gt;
```&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Giant_Step_Records&amp;diff=18</id>
		<title>Giant Step Records</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Giant_Step_Records&amp;diff=18"/>
		<updated>2026-05-24T23:34:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox record label | name         = Giant Step Records | image        = | parent       = MCA Records / GRP Records (1995–c. 2000, imprint)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Independent (2000–present) | founded      = {{start date|1995}} | founder      = Maurice Bernstein&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Jonathan Rudnick | defunct      = | status       = Active (independent releases) | genre        = Acid jazz, Neo soul, Hip hop, House, Latin jazz | country      = United States | loca...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox record label&lt;br /&gt;
| name         = Giant Step Records&lt;br /&gt;
| image        =&lt;br /&gt;
| parent       = [[MCA Records]] / [[GRP Records]] (1995–c. 2000, imprint)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Independent (2000–present)&lt;br /&gt;
| founded      = {{start date|1995}}&lt;br /&gt;
| founder      = Maurice Bernstein&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Jonathan Rudnick&lt;br /&gt;
| defunct      =&lt;br /&gt;
| status       = Active (independent releases)&lt;br /&gt;
| genre        = [[Acid jazz]], [[Neo soul]], [[Hip hop]], [[House music|House]], [[Latin jazz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| country      = United States&lt;br /&gt;
| location     = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.&lt;br /&gt;
| website      = {{URL|giantstep.net}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Giant Step Records&#039;&#039;&#039; is an American [[independent record label]] based in [[New York City]]. Founded in 1995 by Maurice Bernstein and Jonathan Rudnick as an imprint of [[MCA Records]]&#039; jazz division [[GRP Records]], it grew out of the influential underground club night and events brand of the same name. The label became known for championing the careers of artists working at the intersection of jazz, soul, hip hop, and electronic music, and played a significant role in shaping the [[neo soul]] and [[acid jazz]] movements of the 1990s and early 2000s. In 2000, Giant Step launched a fully independent label after parting ways with major-label corporate structures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background and origins==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Giant Step traces its roots to 1990, when British promoter Maurice Bernstein and his South African partner Jonathan Rudnick began staging live music events in [[New York City]] under the name &#039;&#039;&#039;Groove Academy&#039;&#039;&#039;, with the slogan &amp;quot;Dedicated to the Preservation of Funk.&amp;quot; Unable to secure traditional bank financing, the pair borrowed startup funds to book acts and venues. Their early concerts featured funk and soul legends including [[Maceo Parker]], [[Isaac Hayes]], [[The Ohio Players]], and [[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]], rediscovering artists whose records were being widely sampled but who were rarely presented in a live setting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The events evolved into a weekly club night renamed &#039;&#039;&#039;Giant Step&#039;&#039;&#039;, inspired by [[John Coltrane]]&#039;s landmark album &#039;&#039;[[Giant Steps]]&#039;&#039;. The new format distinguished itself by blending live [[jazz]] with [[hip hop]], offering a stage where visiting rappers and jazz musicians improvised over prerecorded hip-hop and funk alongside the regular Giant Step house band. The party was heavily influenced by the [[acid jazz]] club scene developing concurrently in England, particularly [[Gilles Peterson]]&#039;s &#039;&#039;Talkin&#039; Loud and Sayin&#039; Something&#039;&#039; nights.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Giant Step club night originally took place at [[SOBs|SOB&#039;s]] in [[Manhattan]] before moving through a succession of venues including Metropolis Café, Supper Club, Shine, New Music Café, and [[The Village Gate]]. Weekly events ran until 2002, when the party was discontinued; it was later revived at the [[Hudson Hotel]]. At its peak, Giant Step events expanded to [[Los Angeles]], [[Miami]], [[Chicago]], and [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Early career launches==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Giant Step club night became a celebrated launching pad for artists who would go on to international recognition. Among those who debuted or gained early exposure through Giant Step events were:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Jamiroquai]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Roots]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Massive Attack]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Digable Planets]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Fugees]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gang Starr]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mark Ronson]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Daft Punk]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gilles Peterson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club&#039;s fusion of genres and commitment to live instrumentation helped foster what would later be recognized as the [[neo soul]] and [[alternative hip hop]] movements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Artist management (early 1990s)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the club events expanded in the mid-1990s, Bernstein and Rudnick moved into artist management. They signed and secured [[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Brothers]] record deals for:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dana Bryant&#039;&#039;&#039; – New York poet and spoken-word artist&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Repercussions (band)|Repercussions]]&#039;&#039;&#039; – described at the time as &amp;quot;America&#039;s answer to [[The Brand New Heavies]]&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Groove Collective]]&#039;&#039;&#039; – a New York jazz-meets-dance collective whose sound grew organically from the Giant Step club band&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Giant Step also secured a deal with [[Geffen Records]] for the UK act &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Raw Stylus]]&#039;&#039;&#039;. During this period, Giant Step collaborated with producer [[Gary Katz]] — best known for his work with [[Steely Dan]] — to help produce albums for Groove Collective, Repercussions, and Raw Stylus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Giant Step Records as an imprint (1995)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1995, legendary jazz record producer [[Tommy LiPuma]] took over [[GRP Records]] at [[MCA Records]] and invited Giant Step to establish itself as an imprint label within the GRP/[[Impulse! Records|Impulse]] family. The first act signed to the label under this arrangement was [[Groove Collective]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The imprint gave Giant Step greater access to major-label resources while retaining its curatorial identity, allowing it to sign and develop artists that reflected the label&#039;s ethos of soulful, genre-crossing music.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nuyorican Soul (1997)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In early 1997, Giant Step achieved widespread critical acclaim through its collaboration with &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nuyorican Soul]]&#039;&#039;&#039; and a transatlantic partnership with [[Gilles Peterson]]&#039;s UK label [[Talking Loud]]. Nuyorican Soul was a studio project led by Latin house DJs &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Louie Vega|&amp;quot;Little&amp;quot; Louie Vega]]&#039;&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kenny &amp;quot;Dope&amp;quot; Gonzalez]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, collectively known as [[Masters at Work]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unlike much contemporary dance music of the era, Nuyorican Soul was built around performances by real musicians rather than sampled or synthesized sounds. Contributors to the project included:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[George Benson]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tito Puente]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Roy Ayers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DJ Jazzy Jeff]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Jocelyn Brown]]&lt;br /&gt;
* India (salsa vocalist)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Three singles from the debut &#039;&#039;Nuyorican Soul&#039;&#039; album reached the top of the [[Billboard charts]]: &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;Runaway&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;You Can Do It (Baby)&amp;quot;&#039;&#039;, and &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;I Am The Black Gold of the Sun.&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; The album sold over 50,000 units within months of its release.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Move to Epic Records==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The success of the Nuyorican Soul campaign attracted the attention of [[Epic Records]], which approached Bernstein and Rudnick with a partnership offer. Crucially, Epic was primarily interested in Giant Step&#039;s capabilities as a music marketing operation rather than its label roster. The company was offered a retainer arrangement in which the record label became a secondary priority.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Giant Step&#039;s first major project under this arrangement was the launch of singer [[Macy Gray]], followed by [[Jill Scott]] and the re-launch of [[Sade (band)|Sade]]. The promotion of Macy Gray — placing her music in cafés, clubs, and restaurants — was cited by Epic Records VP of A&amp;amp;R Rose Noone as reaching listeners in unexpected ways. Giant Step went on to assist [[Def Jam Records]] in breaking [[Musiq Soulchild]], whose debut album sold 55,000 copies in its first week.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Independent label (2000)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Frustrated with the constraints of corporate imprint deals — particularly the repeated refusal to approve signings such as [[India.Arie]] and Donnie — Bernstein and Rudnick relaunched Giant Step Records as a fully independent label in 2000. The independent label released music on 12&amp;quot; vinyl aligned with the sonic identity of the weekly club night, championing artists such as:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[India.Arie]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Donnie&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Carl Hancock Rux]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zap Mama]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Groove Collective]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nuyorican Soul]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2001, Jonathan Rudnick departed the company to pursue other interests, leaving Bernstein as the driving force behind the Giant Step brand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Legacy and later activities==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Giant Step&#039;s influence on American popular music in the 1990s is widely acknowledged. The label and club brand played a formative role in bringing acid jazz, neo soul, and Latin house to mainstream audiences in the United States, and served as a critical bridge between underground club culture and commercial recognition for a generation of artists.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The broader Giant Step company evolved into a music media and marketing agency, operating two primary divisions:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Giant Step&#039;&#039;&#039; – the events and music promotion brand&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Giant Step Marketing&#039;&#039;&#039; – a creative agency providing marketing services to consumer brands&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Giant Step Marketing went on to work with major record labels and brands beyond its original music focus, leveraging the cultural credibility built during the club&#039;s heyday.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Discography (selected)==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Year !! Artist !! Title !! Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1995 || [[Groove Collective]] || &#039;&#039;We the People&#039;&#039; || First GRP/Giant Step imprint release&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1997 || [[Nuyorican Soul]] || &#039;&#039;Nuyorican Soul&#039;&#039; || With [[Talking Loud]]; features George Benson, Tito Puente, Roy Ayers&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2000 || Various Artists || &#039;&#039;Giant Step presents...&#039;&#039; || Independent label launch releases&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2001 || [[India.Arie]] || Early singles || Championed prior to major-label signing&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2001 || Donnie || Early releases || Signed after corporate imprint declined the artist&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Giant Step]] (parent company and events brand)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Acid jazz]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Neo soul]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Groove Collective]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nuyorican Soul]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Masters at Work]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GRP Records]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.giantstep.net Official website]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Discogs label|name=Giant Step Records}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels established in 1995]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Independent record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Jazz record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Neo soul record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels based in New York City]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:American record labels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=17</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=17"/>
		<updated>2026-05-24T21:15:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Blanked the page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Mark_Farina&amp;diff=16</id>
		<title>Mark Farina</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Mark_Farina&amp;diff=16"/>
		<updated>2026-05-24T21:14:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox musical artist | name            = Mark Farina | image           =  | image_size      =  | caption         =  | birth_name      = Mark Farina | birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|1970|1|1}} | birth_place     = Chicago, Illinois, United States | origin          = San Francisco, California, United States | genre           = House, Deep house, Mushroom Jazz, Trip hop, Downtempo | occupation      = Disc jockey|D...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox musical artist&lt;br /&gt;
| name            = Mark Farina&lt;br /&gt;
| image           = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size      = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption         = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name      = Mark Farina&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|1970|1|1}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place     = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], United States&lt;br /&gt;
| origin          = [[San Francisco]], [[California]], United States&lt;br /&gt;
| genre           = [[House music|House]], [[Deep house]], [[Mushroom Jazz]], [[Trip hop]], [[Downtempo]]&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation      = [[Disc jockey|DJ]], [[record producer]], [[remixer]]&lt;br /&gt;
| years_active    = 1989–present&lt;br /&gt;
| label           = [[Cajual Records]], [[Relief Records]], [[OM Records]]&lt;br /&gt;
| associated_acts = [[Derrick Carter]], [[Halo (musician)|Halo]], [[Sunrise (band)|Sunrise]]&lt;br /&gt;
| website         = {{URL|markfarina.com}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mark Farina&#039;&#039;&#039; (born c. 1970, [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]) is an American [[disc jockey]], [[record producer]], and electronic music artist best known for pioneering the genre he coined &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mushroom Jazz]]&#039;&#039;&#039; — a hybrid sound blending [[house music]] with [[trip hop]], [[jazz]], [[soul music|soul]], and [[downtempo]] [[hip hop]]. A founding figure of the [[Chicago house music]] scene of the early 1990s, Farina later relocated to [[San Francisco]], where he became equally central to that city&#039;s underground dance culture. He is co-founder, alongside [[Derrick Carter]], of [[Cajual Records]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Early Life and Career ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chicago Beginnings ===&lt;br /&gt;
Mark Farina grew up in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], immersed in the city&#039;s pioneering [[house music]] culture. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Chicago&#039;s club scene — centred on venues such as the [[Music Box (Chicago)|Music Box]], the [[Bismarck Hotel]], and the [[Shelter (nightclub)|Shelter]] — was the global epicentre of house music innovation, and Farina developed his skills and sensibility in this environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He became close associates with fellow Chicago DJ and producer [[Derrick Carter]], and the two shared residencies, record shopping habits, and an ethos centred on deep, soulful, and technically accomplished DJ performance. Farina quickly established a reputation for unusually eclectic sets that ranged far beyond conventional house music into jazz, hip hop, and soul, foreshadowing the genre he would later define.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cajual Records ===&lt;br /&gt;
In 1992, Farina and Carter co-founded &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Cajual Records]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, an independent Chicago house label that became one of the most respected imprints of the decade. Cajual&#039;s output — characterised by deep grooves, warm analogue textures, and an unpretentious underground aesthetic — helped define the sound of Chicago house in the 1990s and gave both founders a platform to release original productions and collaborate with the city&#039;s wider DJ community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Farina also released material on Cajual&#039;s sister label, &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Relief Records]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, which pursued a harder, more [[techno]]-influenced direction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Relocation to San Francisco ==&lt;br /&gt;
In the mid-1990s, Farina relocated to [[San Francisco, California]], where he became a foundational figure in the city&#039;s burgeoning underground house and electronic music scene. San Francisco in this period had a distinctive dance culture shaped by the aftermath of [[rave]] culture and a strong local appetite for deep, eclectic DJ sets. Farina&#039;s style resonated deeply with audiences there, and he quickly established long-running residencies at venues including [[1015 Folsom]] and the [[Mezzanine (San Francisco)|Mezzanine]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His move to San Francisco also deepened his connection with &#039;&#039;&#039;[[OM Records]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, the Bay Area label that became his primary home for official releases throughout the late 1990s and 2000s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mushroom Jazz ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins of the Style ===&lt;br /&gt;
Farina is the originator of the term and concept &#039;&#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz&#039;&#039;&#039;, a name he coined to describe his approach to blending house music rhythms with the melodic and harmonic vocabulary of [[jazz]], [[soul music|soul]], [[bossa nova]], and [[hip hop]], layered over [[downtempo]] and [[trip hop]] beats. The style is characterised by:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Mellow, swinging [[4/4]] and [[6/8]] rhythms&lt;br /&gt;
* Jazz-influenced chord progressions and piano motifs&lt;br /&gt;
* Sampled or live-played horns, double bass, and vibraphone&lt;br /&gt;
* Loose, organic production with an emphasis on mood over energy&lt;br /&gt;
* Influences from [[Blue Note Records|Blue Note]]-era jazz, [[West Coast hip hop]], and [[bossa nova]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mushroom Jazz occupies a sonic space between late-night dance floor functionality and home listening — music suited both to laid-back club sets in the small hours and to relaxed daytime environments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The Mushroom Jazz Mix Series ===&lt;br /&gt;
Farina&#039;s ongoing &#039;&#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz&#039;&#039;&#039; mix compilation series, released primarily through [[OM Records]], became one of the longest-running and most beloved mix series in electronic music. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the series has extended to eight volumes and counting, each one a carefully curated journey through Farina&#039;s evolving interpretation of the style.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The series is notable for its consistency of quality and mood across many years, and individual volumes are frequently cited by fans and critics as standout achievements in the DJ mix format.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Volume !! Title !! Label !! Year&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 1996&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 2 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 2&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 1997&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 3 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 3&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 4 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 4&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 2001&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 5 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 5&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 2004&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 6 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 6&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 2007&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 7 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 7&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 8 || &#039;&#039;Mushroom Jazz 8&#039;&#039; || [[OM Records]] || 2019&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== DJ Career and Performances ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Style and Technique ===&lt;br /&gt;
Farina is considered one of the finest technical DJs of his generation, known for long, narrative sets that move fluidly between tempos and genres. His approach to the [[DJ mix]] has been described as painterly — prioritising emotional arc, tonal colour, and surprise over obvious crowd-pleasing. He is a longtime practitioner of [[vinyl]] DJing and has been vocal about the importance of record digging and physical media to his practice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key characteristics of his DJ style include:&lt;br /&gt;
* Long-form set building with gradual tempo shifts&lt;br /&gt;
* Heavy use of jazz, soul, and hip hop records alongside house&lt;br /&gt;
* Subtle, musical mixing focused on harmonic compatibility&lt;br /&gt;
* Willingness to play against crowd expectations in service of a larger arc&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Residencies and Touring ===&lt;br /&gt;
Over his career Farina has held residencies at some of the most respected clubs in the United States, including:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[1015 Folsom]]&#039;&#039;&#039; — San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mezzanine (San Francisco)|Mezzanine]]&#039;&#039;&#039; — San Francisco&lt;br /&gt;
* Various Chicago venues during his early career&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He has also performed extensively at international festivals and clubs throughout [[Europe]], [[Australia]], [[Japan]], and [[South America]], building a dedicated global following.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Discography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Selected Productions and Releases ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Various releases on [[Cajual Records]] (1992–present)&lt;br /&gt;
* Various releases on [[Relief Records]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Various releases on [[OM Records]] (late 1990s–2010s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Mushroom Jazz Series (as compiler/mixer) ===&lt;br /&gt;
See table above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Selected Remixes ===&lt;br /&gt;
Farina has produced remixes for numerous artists across house, jazz, and electronic music throughout his career.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Collaborations ==&lt;br /&gt;
Farina has maintained a long creative partnership with [[Derrick Carter]], performing back-to-back DJ sets together at venues and festivals worldwide. The two are regarded as one of the most celebrated DJ pairings in house music history, their complementary styles — Carter&#039;s more eclectic and high-energy, Farina&#039;s smoother and jazzier — creating a distinctive dynamic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Legacy and Influence ==&lt;br /&gt;
Mark Farina is widely recognised as one of the defining figures of both Chicago house music and the San Francisco underground dance scene of the 1990s. His invention of the Mushroom Jazz concept gave a name and an identity to a strain of music that had previously been difficult to categorise, influencing countless DJs and producers who sought to bridge the worlds of jazz, hip hop, and house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His Mushroom Jazz mix series is frequently cited as a touchstone of the DJ mix album format, notable for its longevity, consistency, and the clarity of its artistic vision across decades. Music writers have highlighted Farina as an example of an artist who built a sustained international career entirely within the underground, without crossover hits or mainstream visibility, through the quality and distinctiveness of his work alone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He has been cited as an influence by DJs and producers working across [[nu-jazz]], [[balearic music|balearic]], [[lo-fi hip hop]], and contemporary [[melodic house]] scenes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.markfarina.com Official website]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Discogs artist|name=Mark Farina}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id= Mark Farina}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:American DJs]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House music DJs]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Deep house musicians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record producers from Illinois]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:DJs from Chicago]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Musicians from San Francisco]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:OM Records artists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Cajual Records artists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronic music DJs]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Trip hop musicians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Downtempo musicians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Cajual_Records&amp;diff=15</id>
		<title>Cajual Records</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Cajual_Records&amp;diff=15"/>
		<updated>2026-05-24T21:10:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox record label | name        = Cajual Records | image       =  | parent      =  | founded     = {{Start date|1992}} | founder     = Derrick Carter&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;Mark Farina | distributor =  | genre       = House, Deep house, Chicago house | country     = United States | location    = Chicago, Illinois | url         =  }}  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cajual Records&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is an American independent record label based in [[Chicago, Illinois]...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox record label&lt;br /&gt;
| name        = Cajual Records&lt;br /&gt;
| image       = &lt;br /&gt;
| parent      = &lt;br /&gt;
| founded     = {{Start date|1992}}&lt;br /&gt;
| founder     = [[Derrick Carter]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Mark Farina]]&lt;br /&gt;
| distributor = &lt;br /&gt;
| genre       = [[House music|House]], [[Deep house]], [[Chicago house]]&lt;br /&gt;
| country     = United States&lt;br /&gt;
| location    = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]&lt;br /&gt;
| url         = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cajual Records&#039;&#039;&#039; is an [[United States|American]] [[independent record label]] based in [[Chicago, Illinois]], founded in 1992 by DJs and producers [[Derrick Carter]] and [[Mark Farina]]. The label is widely regarded as one of the most influential imprints in the development of [[Chicago house music]] during the 1990s, championing a raw, soulful aesthetic that helped define the sound of the city&#039;s underground club scene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Founding ===&lt;br /&gt;
Cajual Records was established in 1992 by Derrick Carter and Mark Farina, two figures who had already made their names in the thriving Chicago club scene. Carter, known for his eclectic and technically accomplished DJ sets, and Farina, later famous for his &amp;quot;Mushroom Jazz&amp;quot; mix series blending house with trip-hop and jazz, formed the label to release original house music that reflected the spirit of Chicago&#039;s underground dance floors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The label&#039;s name itself — a phonetic respelling of &amp;quot;casual&amp;quot; — reflected the founders&#039; laid-back, unpretentious approach to music-making and release culture. Rather than chasing mainstream success, Cajual committed to vinyl releases aimed squarely at DJs and dedicated dancers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== 1990s Growth and Influence ===&lt;br /&gt;
Throughout the mid-1990s, Cajual became a cornerstone of the Chicago house scene. The label released a steady stream of 12-inch singles and EPs that were fixtures in the record bags of house DJs worldwide. Its releases were notable for their deep, swinging grooves, warm basslines, and an organic, lo-fi production style that contrasted with the slicker sounds emerging from other dance music centers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cajual also served as a launching pad for the careers of several Chicago producers who would go on to wider recognition. The label maintained close ties to the city&#039;s key venues and promoted a community-driven ethos that was central to the Chicago house philosophy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Derrick Carter also founded the sister label &#039;&#039;&#039;Relief Records&#039;&#039;&#039; around the same period, which pursued a harder, more stripped-down [[techno]]-influenced sound, giving the two imprints complementary identities within the broader Chicago dance music ecosystem.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Later Years ===&lt;br /&gt;
While the pace of releases slowed in the 2000s as both Carter and Farina pursued extensive international touring careers, Cajual retained its cult status among collectors and house music enthusiasts. The label&#039;s back catalogue continued to be sought after on the second-hand vinyl market, and periodic reissues and new releases kept the imprint active.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Both founders have cited Cajual as central to their artistic identities, and the label is frequently referenced in discussions of [[independent record label]]s that shaped the global spread of house music during the 1990s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sound and Style ==&lt;br /&gt;
Cajual&#039;s releases are characterised by:&lt;br /&gt;
* Deep, rolling [[4/4]] rhythms rooted in Chicago&#039;s [[Dance music|dance floor]] tradition&lt;br /&gt;
* Warm, analogue-textured production&lt;br /&gt;
* Vocal samples and [[soul music|soulful]] elements drawn from [[R&amp;amp;B]] and [[gospel music|gospel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* A stripped-back, functional approach prioritising DJ utility over pop accessibility&lt;br /&gt;
* Occasional experiments with [[jazz]]-influenced melodic elements, reflecting Farina&#039;s broader musical interests&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Key Artists ==&lt;br /&gt;
The following artists have released material on Cajual Records:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Derrick Carter]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mark Farina]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gemini (musician)|Gemini]] (Derrick Carter alias)&lt;br /&gt;
* Various Chicago-based producers and collaborators&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sister Label ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Relief Records]]&#039;&#039;&#039; — a related imprint also founded by Derrick Carter, focusing on harder, more [[minimal techno|minimal]] and [[techno]]-influenced house music.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Legacy ==&lt;br /&gt;
Cajual Records occupies an important place in the history of house music. Along with labels such as [[Trax Records]], [[Dance Mania]], and [[Def Mix]], it helped sustain Chicago&#039;s position as a global innovator in electronic dance music well into the 1990s and beyond. The label&#039;s commitment to vinyl, underground aesthetics, and community over commerce made it an enduring reference point for independent dance music labels worldwide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Music critics and historians have highlighted Cajual as emblematic of a particular strain of Chicago house — melodic, soulful, and deeply indebted to the city&#039;s Black musical traditions — that continued to influence producers in the [[UK garage]], [[deep house]], and [[nu-disco]] scenes of the 2000s and 2010s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Discogs label|name=Cajual Records}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels established in 1992]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:House music record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:American independent record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels based in Chicago]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Deep house music]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronic music record labels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=14</id>
		<title>Template:Start date</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=14"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T23:39:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Template:Start date ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Simple display-only start date template.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Usage ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|year|month|day}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Output ===&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Start date|2026}} → 2026  &lt;br /&gt;
* {{Start date|2026|04}} → 2026-04  &lt;br /&gt;
* {{Start date|2026|04|25}} → 2026-04-25  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
* No parser functions required&lt;br /&gt;
* No extensions required&lt;br /&gt;
* Works on all MediaWiki versions&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=13</id>
		<title>Template:Start date</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=13"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T23:38:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#if:{{{3|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 |{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-{{{3}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 |{{#if:{{{2|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
   |{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
   |{{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
  }}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Template:Start date ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Simple, reliable date display template.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Usage ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|year|month|day}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Output rules ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Year only → 2026  &lt;br /&gt;
* Year + month → 2026-04  &lt;br /&gt;
* Full date → 2026-04-25  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Example ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|4|25}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ 2026-04-25&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|4}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ 2026-04&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=12</id>
		<title>Template:Start date</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=12"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T23:34:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
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{{#if:{{{3|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 |{{#time:F j, Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-{{{3}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 |{{#if:{{{2|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
   |{{#time:F Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-1}}&lt;br /&gt;
   |{{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;
  }}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
Displays a formatted start date.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syntax ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|year|month|day}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Examples ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|4}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ April 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|4|25}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ April 25, 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Month and day are optional.&lt;br /&gt;
* If only year is given, it returns year only.&lt;br /&gt;
* If month is given, it shows Month Year.&lt;br /&gt;
* If full date is given, it shows full formatted date.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=11</id>
		<title>Template:Start date</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=11"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T23:33:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}||&lt;br /&gt;
  {{#if:{{{2|}}}||&lt;br /&gt;
    {{#time:F Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2|1}}}-1}}&lt;br /&gt;
  |&lt;br /&gt;
    {{#time:F j, Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-{{{3}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
  }}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
  {{#time:Y|{{{1}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Template:Start date ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Formats a start date in a Wikipedia-style human-readable form.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Usage ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|year|month|day}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Examples ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|4}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ April 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|4|25}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ April 25, 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Month and day are optional.&lt;br /&gt;
* Designed for clean display (no broken ISO or time complexity).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=10</id>
		<title>Template:Start date</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Start_date&amp;diff=10"/>
		<updated>2026-04-25T23:32:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time class=&amp;quot;dtstart&amp;quot; datetime=&amp;quot;{{#time:c|{{{1}}}-{{{2|01}}}-{{{3|01}}} {{{4|00}}}:{{{5|00}}}:{{{6|00}}} {{{7|+00:00}}}}}&amp;quot;&amp;gt; {{#if:{{{3|}}}  |{{#if:{{{2|}}}    |{{#time:F j, Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-{{{3}}}}}    |{{#time:F Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2|01}}}-01}}   }}  |{{#time:Y|{{{1}}}}} }}&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; == Usage == This template formats a start date in a Wikipedia-style format with a hidden ISO 8601 timestamp.  === Syntax === &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; {{Start date|year|month|da...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;time class=&amp;quot;dtstart&amp;quot; datetime=&amp;quot;{{#time:c|{{{1}}}-{{{2|01}}}-{{{3|01}}} {{{4|00}}}:{{{5|00}}}:{{{6|00}}} {{{7|+00:00}}}}}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#if:{{{3|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
 |{{#if:{{{2|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
   |{{#time:F j, Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2}}}-{{{3}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
   |{{#time:F Y|{{{1}}}-{{{2|01}}}-01}}&lt;br /&gt;
  }}&lt;br /&gt;
 |{{#time:Y|{{{1}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;/time&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
This template formats a start date in a Wikipedia-style format with a hidden ISO 8601 timestamp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Syntax ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|year|month|day|hour|minute|second|timezone}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Parameters ===&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{1}}} = Year (required)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{2}}} = Month (optional)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{3}}} = Day (optional)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{4}}} = Hour (optional)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{5}}} = Minute (optional)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{6}}} = Second (optional)&lt;br /&gt;
* {{{7}}} = Timezone (optional, default +00:00)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Examples ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|04|25}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ April 25, 2026&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Start date|2026|04|25|14|30}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
→ April 25, 2026 (with time included in metadata)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Notes ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Outputs a machine-readable `&amp;lt;time&amp;gt;` tag for semantic SEO and microformats.&lt;br /&gt;
* Similar in concept to Wikipedia’s `{{Start date}}` / `{{Start date and age}}`.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ecstasy&amp;diff=9</id>
		<title>Ecstasy</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ecstasy&amp;diff=9"/>
		<updated>2026-04-23T13:57:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox drug | drug_name = MDMA (Ecstasy) | image =  | caption =  | other_names = Ecstasy, E, Molly, Pills, Mandy, X, XTC | legal_status = Schedule I (US), Class A (UK), Illegal in most countries | routes = Oral (most common), Insufflation, Rectal | class = Entactogen, Stimulant, Empathogen }}  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ecstasy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;MDMA&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) is a psychoactive substance that became deeply intertwined with rave culture from the late 19...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox drug&lt;br /&gt;
| drug_name = MDMA (Ecstasy)&lt;br /&gt;
| image = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption = &lt;br /&gt;
| other_names = Ecstasy, E, Molly, Pills, Mandy, X, XTC&lt;br /&gt;
| legal_status = Schedule I (US), Class A (UK), Illegal in most countries&lt;br /&gt;
| routes = Oral (most common), Insufflation, Rectal&lt;br /&gt;
| class = Entactogen, Stimulant, Empathogen&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ecstasy&#039;&#039;&#039; (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as &#039;&#039;&#039;MDMA&#039;&#039;&#039;) is a psychoactive substance that became deeply intertwined with [[rave culture]] from the late 1980s onward. Its unique combination of stimulant and empathogenic effects made it the defining drug of the rave generation, shaping the music, culture, and social dynamics of the scene in profound ways.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__TOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History in the Rave Scene ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Origins ===&lt;br /&gt;
MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 by the pharmaceutical company Merck, though it was not widely studied until the 1970s when chemist [[Alexander Shulgin]] re-synthesized and popularized it within psychotherapeutic circles. It was used by therapists throughout the early 1980s as an aid for couples counseling and PTSD treatment before its recreational use became widespread.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ibiza and the Second Summer of Love (1987–1989) ===&lt;br /&gt;
The connection between MDMA and rave culture is widely traced to [[Ibiza]], Spain, where British DJs and holidaymakers encountered the drug alongside the nascent [[house music]] scene in the mid-1980s. Upon returning to the United Kingdom, they brought both the music and the drug with them, igniting what became known as the &#039;&#039;&#039;Second Summer of Love&#039;&#039;&#039; in 1988–1989.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Large illegal warehouse parties and outdoor raves began appearing across the UK, particularly in and around London and Manchester. Ecstasy became the social glue of these events, with attendees reporting that the drug dissolved social barriers and created a sense of universal unity among strangers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== The UK Rave Scene (1988–1994) ===&lt;br /&gt;
The UK rave scene of this era was profoundly shaped by ecstasy use. Events like those promoted by &#039;&#039;&#039;Sunrise&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;Biology&#039;&#039;&#039;, and &#039;&#039;&#039;Universe&#039;&#039;&#039; drew tens of thousands of attendees, fueled largely by the drug&#039;s popularity. The government response — most notably the [[Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994]] — was in part a reaction to the scale and perceived danger of these gatherings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Spread to the United States ===&lt;br /&gt;
The American rave scene emerged slightly later, taking hold in cities like San Francisco, New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles in the early 1990s. Ecstasy was similarly central to the culture, particularly in the [[warehouse party]] scene and later in licensed club events.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Effects Relevant to the Rave Environment ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The pharmacological profile of MDMA made it particularly well-suited to the rave environment:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Desired Effects ===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Euphoria&#039;&#039;&#039; — Intense feelings of happiness and well-being&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Empathy and emotional openness&#039;&#039;&#039; — Heightened feelings of closeness with others, a key factor in the communal atmosphere of raves&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Increased energy&#039;&#039;&#039; — Allows dancing for extended periods, often four to eight hours&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Heightened sensory perception&#039;&#039;&#039; — Music, lights, and physical touch feel more intense and pleasurable&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Reduced social anxiety&#039;&#039;&#039; — Users typically feel more comfortable approaching strangers&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Tactile enhancement&#039;&#039;&#039; — Physical sensations such as dancing and massage feel amplified&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Duration ===&lt;br /&gt;
A typical oral dose lasts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;three to six hours&#039;&#039;&#039;, with a gradual come-up of thirty to sixty minutes. This duration aligned well with the structure of all-night rave events.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== MDMA and Electronic Music ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The relationship between ecstasy and electronic music is considered by many cultural historians to be symbiotic — each reinforced and shaped the other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Musical Characteristics ===&lt;br /&gt;
The BPM (beats per minute) ranges favored in rave music are thought to correlate with MDMA&#039;s effects:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Genre !! Typical BPM !! Era&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[House music|House]] || 120–130 || Late 1980s–present&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Techno]] || 130–150 || Early 1990s–present&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hardcore (electronic)|Hardcore]] || 150–180+ || Early–mid 1990s&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Drum and bass]] || 160–180 || Mid 1990s–present&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Trance music|Trance]] || 128–145 || Mid 1990s–2000s&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some researchers have suggested that the 120–130 BPM range of house music closely mirrors an elevated but comfortable heart rate under MDMA influence, though this remains debated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cultural Influence on Music Production ===&lt;br /&gt;
Producers of the era frequently cited the experience of dancing on ecstasy as a direct influence on their music. Elements such as extended breakdowns, euphoric chord progressions, and carefully timed bass drops were in part designed with the MDMA experience in mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Rave Culture and MDMA Ethos ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== PLUR ===&lt;br /&gt;
The philosophy of &#039;&#039;&#039;[[PLUR]]&#039;&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;&#039;P&#039;&#039;&#039;eace, &#039;&#039;&#039;L&#039;&#039;&#039;ove, &#039;&#039;&#039;U&#039;&#039;&#039;nity, &#039;&#039;&#039;R&#039;&#039;&#039;espect) became the unofficial code of conduct of the rave scene and is widely attributed to the empathogenic effects of ecstasy. The drug&#039;s tendency to reduce aggression and increase feelings of connection gave rise to a culture that emphasized inclusivity and non-violence — a notable contrast to the sometimes violent atmosphere of other nightlife scenes of the era.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Democratization of the Dance Floor ===&lt;br /&gt;
Ecstasy is credited by cultural commentators with helping to break down barriers of race, class, gender, and sexual orientation on the dance floor. Because the drug reduced inhibition and increased empathy universally, spaces that might otherwise have been divided along social lines became unusually integrated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Harm Reduction in the Rave Scene ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rave scene, despite its association with drug use, also gave rise to some of the earliest [[harm reduction]] initiatives in nightlife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Common Harm Reduction Practices ===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Reagent testing&#039;&#039;&#039; — Testing tablets with Marquis, Mecke, or Simon&#039;s reagent to check for adulterants&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Hydration&#039;&#039;&#039; — Drinking moderate amounts of water (not excessive, as overhydration carries its own risk with MDMA)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Temperature management&#039;&#039;&#039; — Taking breaks from dancing, accessing cool-out rooms&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dosing awareness&#039;&#039;&#039; — Starting with a low dose, avoiding redosing excessively&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Drug checking services&#039;&#039;&#039; — Some events provide on-site testing services where legal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Organizations ===&lt;br /&gt;
Several organizations emerged specifically to address drug safety in rave and festival contexts, including:&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[DanceSafe]]&#039;&#039;&#039; (United States) — Provides drug checking and harm reduction information at events&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[The Loop]]&#039;&#039;&#039; (United Kingdom) — Offers front-of-house drug checking at festivals&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bunk Police]]&#039;&#039;&#039; — Distributes reagent testing kits&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Health Risks ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Warning|MDMA carries significant health risks, particularly with heavy or frequent use.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Short-Term Risks ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Hyperthermia (dangerous overheating, particularly when dancing in hot environments)&lt;br /&gt;
* Hyponatremia (dangerously low sodium from over-drinking water)&lt;br /&gt;
* Serotonin syndrome (rare but potentially fatal, especially when combined with other serotonergic drugs)&lt;br /&gt;
* Cardiovascular strain (elevated heart rate and blood pressure)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Long-Term Risks ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Potential serotonergic neurotoxicity with heavy, repeated use&lt;br /&gt;
* Depression and anxiety in the days following use (commonly called the &amp;quot;comedown&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Tuesday blues&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* Psychological dependence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Adulterants ===&lt;br /&gt;
A significant danger in the illicit market is adulteration. Pills sold as ecstasy have been found to contain:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Methamphetamine]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cathinones]] (bath salts)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[PMA/PMMA]] — particularly dangerous, slower-acting substances that have caused numerous fatalities when users redosed believing their pill was weak&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fentanyl]] — increasingly present in the drug supply&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Legal Status ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MDMA is classified as a controlled substance in virtually all jurisdictions:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Country !! Legal Classification&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| United States || Schedule I (Controlled Substances Act)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| United Kingdom || Class A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Australia || Schedule 9 (Prohibited Substance)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Canada || Schedule I&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Germany || Anlage I BtMG&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note: As of the early 2020s, there is renewed scientific and regulatory interest in MDMA as a therapeutic agent, particularly for [[PTSD]] treatment, with trials underway in several countries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rave culture]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[House music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Techno]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[PLUR]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[DanceSafe]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Harm reduction]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Psychedelic therapy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://dancesafe.org DanceSafe — Harm Reduction for the Electronic Music Community]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://erowid.org/chemicals/mdma/ Erowid MDMA Vault]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://maps.org MAPS — Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[C&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=8</id>
		<title>Template:Infobox organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=8"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:25:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| style=&amp;quot;float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:22em; font-size:88%; line-height:1.6em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; border-spacing:0; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; background:#cee0f2; font-size:1.1em; padding:6px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;&amp;quot; | {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; width:45%; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Type&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{type|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Founded&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{founded|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Founders&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{founders|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Location&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{location|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Area served&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{area_served|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Key people&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{key_people|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Industry&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{industry|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Products&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{products|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Owner&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{owner|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Website&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{website|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=7</id>
		<title>Template:Infobox organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=7"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:23:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| style=&amp;quot;float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:22em; font-size:88%; line-height:1.6em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa; border-collapse:collapse;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; background:#cee0f2; font-size:1.1em; padding:6px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;&amp;quot; | {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; width:45%; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Type&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{type|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Founded&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{founded|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Founders&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{founders|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Location&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{location|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Area served&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{area_served|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Key people&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{key_people|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Industry&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{industry|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Products&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{products|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Owner&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{owner|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; background:#f0f0f0; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | Website&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:3px 8px; border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0; vertical-align:top;&amp;quot; | {{{website|}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sound&amp;diff=6</id>
		<title>Ministry of Sound</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sound&amp;diff=6"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:21:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox organization&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Ministry of Sound&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| type          = Multimedia entertainment business&lt;br /&gt;
| founded       = {{Start date|1991|9|21}}&lt;br /&gt;
| founders      = Justin Berkmann&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Humphrey Waterhouse&lt;br /&gt;
| location      = 103 Gaunt Street, [[Elephant and Castle]], [[London]], England&lt;br /&gt;
| area_served   = Worldwide&lt;br /&gt;
| key_people    = Lohan Presencer (Chairman)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Justin Berkmann (Co-founder)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo (Co-founder)&lt;br /&gt;
| industry      = Nightlife, Music, Entertainment&lt;br /&gt;
| products      = Nightclub, Record label, Radio, Events, Compilations, Fitness&lt;br /&gt;
| website       = {{URL|ministryofsound.com}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound&#039;&#039;&#039; (also known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Group&#039;&#039;&#039;) is a [[multimedia]] entertainment business based in [[London]], England. Originally founded as a nightclub in 1991, it has grown into a global brand encompassing a record label, radio station, worldwide events operations, music publishing, a members&#039; club, co-working space, and a fitness studio. It is widely regarded as one of the most influential institutions in the history of [[electronic dance music]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Origins and founding===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound was conceived by DJ and music enthusiast &#039;&#039;&#039;Justin Berkmann&#039;&#039;&#039;, who had spent time in [[New York City]] in the late 1980s and was profoundly influenced by the [[Paradise Garage]], a legendary club fronted by [[Larry Levan]] that played a pivotal role in the birth of [[house music]]. Berkmann later described the Paradise Garage as &amp;quot;an amazing club. It had lights, darkness, music, quiet – everything you wanted.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon returning to London in 1988, Berkmann found the club scene lacking in comparable venues and began searching for a site to realise his vision: a space dedicated entirely to sound quality and dance music. After approximately a year of scouting locations across London, he found a disused bus garage in [[Elephant and Castle]], [[Southwark]], which met his key criteria of good transport connectivity and sufficient distance from residential neighbours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berkmann partnered with entrepreneur &#039;&#039;&#039;James Palumbo&#039;&#039;&#039;, who was then working in property finance, and &#039;&#039;&#039;Humphrey Waterhouse&#039;&#039;&#039; to finance and build the club. The philosophy was unambiguous: sound first, lights second, design third — the inverse of most contemporary venues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Opening night===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound opened on &#039;&#039;&#039;21 September 1991&#039;&#039;&#039;, making it the [[United Kingdom]]&#039;s first nightclub dedicated to [[house music]]. The opening night was notable for the absence of alcohol, as the founders had been unable to obtain a liquor licence in time; nonetheless, crowds arrived in large numbers. Access was controlled by strict &amp;quot;pickers&amp;quot; — door staff whose role was to ensure an authentic and diverse mix of genuine dance music devotees rather than a celebrity-driven crowd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opening sets were performed by American house and garage DJs including [[Larry Levan]], [[David Morales]], [[Roger Sanchez]], and [[Tony Humphries]], as well as [[Paul Oakenfold]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The sound system===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The defining feature of Ministry of Sound from its inception was its extraordinary investment in audio technology. The founders spent approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;£500,000&#039;&#039;&#039; on a bespoke sound system, with an equivalent sum spent on soundproofing the building using [[magnesite]], allowing the system to be tested at volumes up to &#039;&#039;&#039;156 decibels&#039;&#039;&#039; without sound leaking to the exterior.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sound system was designed in collaboration with engineers associated with [[Richard Long Audio]] (RLA), the same company responsible for the legendary sound system at the Paradise Garage. The main room, &#039;&#039;&#039;The Box&#039;&#039;&#039;, became renowned worldwide for its acoustic quality and immersive atmosphere. The club has won the [[International Dance Music Awards|IDMA]] &#039;World&#039;s Best Sound System&#039; award every year the category was contested.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2016, Ministry of Sound partnered with [[Dolby Laboratories]] to install a &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dolby Atmos]]&#039;&#039;&#039; surround sound system in The Box — a first for the nightclub industry. The Box now features a 64-speaker, 22-channel configuration capable of routing specific sounds to precise areas of the space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expansion into media and entertainment===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the mid-1990s, Ministry of Sound expanded beyond the nightclub to become a broader entertainment brand:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Record label&#039;&#039;&#039;: Launched as &amp;quot;Sound of Ministry,&amp;quot; the label&#039;s first release was &#039;&#039;Sessions Volume One&#039;&#039; by [[Tony Humphries]]. It went on to release era-defining tracks including [[Benny Benassi]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Satisfaction,&amp;quot; [[Eric Prydz]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Call On Me,&amp;quot; and [[Fedde Le Grand]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Put Your Hands Up For Detroit,&amp;quot; as well as signing pop and crossword acts such as [[London Grammar]]. By 2016, Sony Music had acquired the label&#039;s A&amp;amp;R and compilations business.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Compilations&#039;&#039;&#039;: The Ministry of Sound compilations became some of the best-selling dance music albums in the world, with cumulative sales exceeding &#039;&#039;&#039;70 million&#039;&#039;&#039; copies. The &#039;&#039;Annual&#039;&#039; series in particular helped bring dance music to mainstream audiences. The label has produced over 40 UK No. 1 albums.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Radio&#039;&#039;&#039;: Ministry of Sound Radio attracts more than one million listeners per month.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Events and touring&#039;&#039;&#039;: Under its Ministry of Sound and [[Hed Kandi]] brands, the group hosts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;500 international events&#039;&#039;&#039; annually across the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Management changes===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Co-founder James Palumbo served as chairman and CEO of the group. He handed over day-to-day management to &#039;&#039;&#039;Lohan Presencer&#039;&#039;&#039; in 2008; Presencer became Chairman in 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Threat of closure and legal battles===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound&#039;s existence has been challenged on several occasions by nearby redevelopment in Elephant and Castle. The most prominent case concerned the proposed redevelopment of &#039;&#039;&#039;Eileen House&#039;&#039;&#039;, a tower block adjacent to the club&#039;s entrance. Between 2009 and 2014, Ministry of Sound mounted sustained public campaigns to resist the threat of closure. The matter culminated in a hearing before then-[[Mayor of London]] [[Boris Johnson]] at [[City Hall, London|City Hall]] in November 2013. On &#039;&#039;&#039;19 December 2013&#039;&#039;&#039;, a legal agreement was reached between Ministry of Sound and developer Oakmayne, allowing Eileen House to be redeveloped without jeopardising the club&#039;s future.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Ministry workspace===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2018, the group opened &#039;&#039;&#039;The Ministry&#039;&#039;&#039;, a contemporary members&#039; club and shared workspace for creative businesses on Borough Road, London. The building includes private offices, co-working areas, meeting spaces, soundproofed studios, an immersive technology suite, a full-service restaurant, a 70-foot bar, an outdoor terrace, a 40-seat cinema, and an events programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ministry of Sound Fitness===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located in what was previously the club&#039;s alcohol storage vault, &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Fitness&#039;&#039;&#039; opened in February 2017. The studio combines club-quality sound systems and lighting with bespoke high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts led by instructors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The nightclub==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Venue and rooms===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The nightclub is located at &#039;&#039;&#039;103 Gaunt Street&#039;&#039;&#039; in Elephant and Castle, Southwark, London. The venue comprises four rooms:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Room !! Description&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Box&#039;&#039;&#039; || The main room; capacity approximately 600. Internationally renowned for its sound system and acoustics.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The 103&#039;&#039;&#039; || A second main room for live performances and club nights.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Baby Box&#039;&#039;&#039; || A smaller room used for more intimate events.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Loft&#039;&#039;&#039; || An additional space for events and DJ sets.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Regular club nights===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound hosts several weekly recurring club nights:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;The Gallery&#039;&#039;&#039; (Fridays) — primarily [[trance music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Various house nights&#039;&#039;&#039; (Saturdays) — primarily [[house music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Milkshake&#039;&#039;&#039; (Tuesdays) — a student-oriented night, running since 2002&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club attracts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;300,000 clubbers per year&#039;&#039;&#039; and has hosted sets from DJs including [[Pete Tong]], [[Adam Beyer]], [[DJ Harvey]], [[Dixon (DJ)|Dixon]], and [[Marshmello]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ministry of Sound Classical===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An annual touring concert series, &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Classical&#039;&#039;&#039; presents orchestral reinterpretations of iconic dance music tracks. The tour has sold out major London venues, and in 2020 expanded to [[Royal Albert Hall]] due to demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interior design===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club&#039;s original interior designs were inspired by cinematic themes. The first set design was based on [[Blade Runner]], Justin Berkmann&#039;s favourite film, drawing on a New York club called Area&#039;s practice of using rotating theatrical set designs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultural significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound is widely credited with establishing the template for the modern British superclub — its approach to layout, sound engineering, and curated DJ culture has been enormously influential on nightlife globally. It was the first club in the UK dedicated to house music, and played a central role in transitioning dance music from illegal raves and temporary spaces to permanent, architecturally considered venues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club has also been cited as a key catalyst in bringing American house and garage DJs — including Larry Levan, David Morales, and Roger Sanchez — to wider UK and European audiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recognition of its cultural heritage, Ministry of Sound has been afforded protections comparable to listed theatrical venues, giving it a degree of legal security against future redevelopment threats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Paradise Garage]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fabric (nightclub)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cream (club night)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Electronic dance music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[House music in the United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.ministryofsound.com Official website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Nightclubs in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Music venues in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels established in the 1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronic music record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Entertainment companies of the United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Companies based in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1991 establishments in England]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Elephant and Castle]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=5</id>
		<title>Template:Infobox organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=5"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:21:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Usage==&lt;br /&gt;
Copy and paste the following into your article. Delete any rows you don&#039;t need.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox organization&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = &lt;br /&gt;
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}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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{{#if:{{{key_people|}}}|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;lt;th style=&amp;quot;padding:&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sound&amp;diff=4</id>
		<title>Ministry of Sound</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sound&amp;diff=4"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:19:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox_organization&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Ministry of Sound&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| type          = Multimedia entertainment business&lt;br /&gt;
| founded       = {{Start date|1991|9|21}}&lt;br /&gt;
| founders      = Justin Berkmann&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Humphrey Waterhouse&lt;br /&gt;
| location      = 103 Gaunt Street, [[Elephant and Castle]], [[London]], England&lt;br /&gt;
| area_served   = Worldwide&lt;br /&gt;
| key_people    = Lohan Presencer (Chairman)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Justin Berkmann (Co-founder)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo (Co-founder)&lt;br /&gt;
| industry      = Nightlife, Music, Entertainment&lt;br /&gt;
| products      = Nightclub, Record label, Radio, Events, Compilations, Fitness&lt;br /&gt;
| website       = {{URL|ministryofsound.com}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound&#039;&#039;&#039; (also known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Group&#039;&#039;&#039;) is a [[multimedia]] entertainment business based in [[London]], England. Originally founded as a nightclub in 1991, it has grown into a global brand encompassing a record label, radio station, worldwide events operations, music publishing, a members&#039; club, co-working space, and a fitness studio. It is widely regarded as one of the most influential institutions in the history of [[electronic dance music]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Origins and founding===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound was conceived by DJ and music enthusiast &#039;&#039;&#039;Justin Berkmann&#039;&#039;&#039;, who had spent time in [[New York City]] in the late 1980s and was profoundly influenced by the [[Paradise Garage]], a legendary club fronted by [[Larry Levan]] that played a pivotal role in the birth of [[house music]]. Berkmann later described the Paradise Garage as &amp;quot;an amazing club. It had lights, darkness, music, quiet – everything you wanted.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon returning to London in 1988, Berkmann found the club scene lacking in comparable venues and began searching for a site to realise his vision: a space dedicated entirely to sound quality and dance music. After approximately a year of scouting locations across London, he found a disused bus garage in [[Elephant and Castle]], [[Southwark]], which met his key criteria of good transport connectivity and sufficient distance from residential neighbours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berkmann partnered with entrepreneur &#039;&#039;&#039;James Palumbo&#039;&#039;&#039;, who was then working in property finance, and &#039;&#039;&#039;Humphrey Waterhouse&#039;&#039;&#039; to finance and build the club. The philosophy was unambiguous: sound first, lights second, design third — the inverse of most contemporary venues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Opening night===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound opened on &#039;&#039;&#039;21 September 1991&#039;&#039;&#039;, making it the [[United Kingdom]]&#039;s first nightclub dedicated to [[house music]]. The opening night was notable for the absence of alcohol, as the founders had been unable to obtain a liquor licence in time; nonetheless, crowds arrived in large numbers. Access was controlled by strict &amp;quot;pickers&amp;quot; — door staff whose role was to ensure an authentic and diverse mix of genuine dance music devotees rather than a celebrity-driven crowd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opening sets were performed by American house and garage DJs including [[Larry Levan]], [[David Morales]], [[Roger Sanchez]], and [[Tony Humphries]], as well as [[Paul Oakenfold]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The sound system===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The defining feature of Ministry of Sound from its inception was its extraordinary investment in audio technology. The founders spent approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;£500,000&#039;&#039;&#039; on a bespoke sound system, with an equivalent sum spent on soundproofing the building using [[magnesite]], allowing the system to be tested at volumes up to &#039;&#039;&#039;156 decibels&#039;&#039;&#039; without sound leaking to the exterior.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sound system was designed in collaboration with engineers associated with [[Richard Long Audio]] (RLA), the same company responsible for the legendary sound system at the Paradise Garage. The main room, &#039;&#039;&#039;The Box&#039;&#039;&#039;, became renowned worldwide for its acoustic quality and immersive atmosphere. The club has won the [[International Dance Music Awards|IDMA]] &#039;World&#039;s Best Sound System&#039; award every year the category was contested.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2016, Ministry of Sound partnered with [[Dolby Laboratories]] to install a &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dolby Atmos]]&#039;&#039;&#039; surround sound system in The Box — a first for the nightclub industry. The Box now features a 64-speaker, 22-channel configuration capable of routing specific sounds to precise areas of the space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Expansion into media and entertainment===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the mid-1990s, Ministry of Sound expanded beyond the nightclub to become a broader entertainment brand:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Record label&#039;&#039;&#039;: Launched as &amp;quot;Sound of Ministry,&amp;quot; the label&#039;s first release was &#039;&#039;Sessions Volume One&#039;&#039; by [[Tony Humphries]]. It went on to release era-defining tracks including [[Benny Benassi]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Satisfaction,&amp;quot; [[Eric Prydz]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Call On Me,&amp;quot; and [[Fedde Le Grand]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Put Your Hands Up For Detroit,&amp;quot; as well as signing pop and crossword acts such as [[London Grammar]]. By 2016, Sony Music had acquired the label&#039;s A&amp;amp;R and compilations business.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Compilations&#039;&#039;&#039;: The Ministry of Sound compilations became some of the best-selling dance music albums in the world, with cumulative sales exceeding &#039;&#039;&#039;70 million&#039;&#039;&#039; copies. The &#039;&#039;Annual&#039;&#039; series in particular helped bring dance music to mainstream audiences. The label has produced over 40 UK No. 1 albums.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Radio&#039;&#039;&#039;: Ministry of Sound Radio attracts more than one million listeners per month.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Events and touring&#039;&#039;&#039;: Under its Ministry of Sound and [[Hed Kandi]] brands, the group hosts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;500 international events&#039;&#039;&#039; annually across the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Management changes===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Co-founder James Palumbo served as chairman and CEO of the group. He handed over day-to-day management to &#039;&#039;&#039;Lohan Presencer&#039;&#039;&#039; in 2008; Presencer became Chairman in 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Threat of closure and legal battles===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound&#039;s existence has been challenged on several occasions by nearby redevelopment in Elephant and Castle. The most prominent case concerned the proposed redevelopment of &#039;&#039;&#039;Eileen House&#039;&#039;&#039;, a tower block adjacent to the club&#039;s entrance. Between 2009 and 2014, Ministry of Sound mounted sustained public campaigns to resist the threat of closure. The matter culminated in a hearing before then-[[Mayor of London]] [[Boris Johnson]] at [[City Hall, London|City Hall]] in November 2013. On &#039;&#039;&#039;19 December 2013&#039;&#039;&#039;, a legal agreement was reached between Ministry of Sound and developer Oakmayne, allowing Eileen House to be redeveloped without jeopardising the club&#039;s future.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Ministry workspace===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2018, the group opened &#039;&#039;&#039;The Ministry&#039;&#039;&#039;, a contemporary members&#039; club and shared workspace for creative businesses on Borough Road, London. The building includes private offices, co-working areas, meeting spaces, soundproofed studios, an immersive technology suite, a full-service restaurant, a 70-foot bar, an outdoor terrace, a 40-seat cinema, and an events programme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ministry of Sound Fitness===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located in what was previously the club&#039;s alcohol storage vault, &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Fitness&#039;&#039;&#039; opened in February 2017. The studio combines club-quality sound systems and lighting with bespoke high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts led by instructors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The nightclub==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Venue and rooms===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The nightclub is located at &#039;&#039;&#039;103 Gaunt Street&#039;&#039;&#039; in Elephant and Castle, Southwark, London. The venue comprises four rooms:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Room !! Description&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Box&#039;&#039;&#039; || The main room; capacity approximately 600. Internationally renowned for its sound system and acoustics.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The 103&#039;&#039;&#039; || A second main room for live performances and club nights.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Baby Box&#039;&#039;&#039; || A smaller room used for more intimate events.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Loft&#039;&#039;&#039; || An additional space for events and DJ sets.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Regular club nights===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound hosts several weekly recurring club nights:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;The Gallery&#039;&#039;&#039; (Fridays) — primarily [[trance music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Various house nights&#039;&#039;&#039; (Saturdays) — primarily [[house music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Milkshake&#039;&#039;&#039; (Tuesdays) — a student-oriented night, running since 2002&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club attracts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;300,000 clubbers per year&#039;&#039;&#039; and has hosted sets from DJs including [[Pete Tong]], [[Adam Beyer]], [[DJ Harvey]], [[Dixon (DJ)|Dixon]], and [[Marshmello]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ministry of Sound Classical===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An annual touring concert series, &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Classical&#039;&#039;&#039; presents orchestral reinterpretations of iconic dance music tracks. The tour has sold out major London venues, and in 2020 expanded to [[Royal Albert Hall]] due to demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interior design===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club&#039;s original interior designs were inspired by cinematic themes. The first set design was based on [[Blade Runner]], Justin Berkmann&#039;s favourite film, drawing on a New York club called Area&#039;s practice of using rotating theatrical set designs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultural significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound is widely credited with establishing the template for the modern British superclub — its approach to layout, sound engineering, and curated DJ culture has been enormously influential on nightlife globally. It was the first club in the UK dedicated to house music, and played a central role in transitioning dance music from illegal raves and temporary spaces to permanent, architecturally considered venues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club has also been cited as a key catalyst in bringing American house and garage DJs — including Larry Levan, David Morales, and Roger Sanchez — to wider UK and European audiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recognition of its cultural heritage, Ministry of Sound has been afforded protections comparable to listed theatrical venues, giving it a degree of legal security against future redevelopment threats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Paradise Garage]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fabric (nightclub)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cream (club night)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Electronic dance music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[House music in the United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.ministryofsound.com Official website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Nightclubs in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Music venues in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels established in the 1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronic music record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Entertainment companies of the United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Companies based in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1991 establishments in England]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Elephant and Castle]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=3</id>
		<title>Template:Infobox organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_organization&amp;diff=3"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:17:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt; ==Usage== This template creates a standardised infobox for organisations, companies, clubs, and institutions.  &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt; {{Infobox organization | name          =  | native_name   =  | image         =  | image_size    =  | alt           =  | caption       =  | abbreviation  =  | motto         =  | type          =  | status        =  | founded       =  | founders      =  | dissolved     =  | merger        =  | predecessor   =  | successor     =  | headquarters  =...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Usage==&lt;br /&gt;
This template creates a standardised infobox for organisations, companies, clubs, and institutions.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox organization&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = &lt;br /&gt;
| native_name   = &lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size    = &lt;br /&gt;
| alt           = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| abbreviation  = &lt;br /&gt;
| motto         = &lt;br /&gt;
| type          = &lt;br /&gt;
| status        = &lt;br /&gt;
| founded       = &lt;br /&gt;
| founders      = &lt;br /&gt;
| dissolved     = &lt;br /&gt;
| merger        = &lt;br /&gt;
| predecessor   = &lt;br /&gt;
| successor     = &lt;br /&gt;
| headquarters  = &lt;br /&gt;
| location      = &lt;br /&gt;
| coords        = &lt;br /&gt;
| region        = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_served   = &lt;br /&gt;
| language      = &lt;br /&gt;
| membership    = &lt;br /&gt;
| general       = &lt;br /&gt;
| leader_title  = &lt;br /&gt;
| leader_name   = &lt;br /&gt;
| key_people    = &lt;br /&gt;
| parent_org    = &lt;br /&gt;
| subsidiaries  = &lt;br /&gt;
| industry      = &lt;br /&gt;
| products      = &lt;br /&gt;
| services      = &lt;br /&gt;
| revenue       = &lt;br /&gt;
| employees     = &lt;br /&gt;
| volunteers    = &lt;br /&gt;
| owner         = &lt;br /&gt;
| affiliations  = &lt;br /&gt;
| budget        = &lt;br /&gt;
| website       = &lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes     = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Parameters===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Parameter !! Description&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;name&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Full name of the organisation. Defaults to the page name if omitted.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;native_name&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Name in the organisation&#039;s native language, if different.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;image&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Image filename (e.g. &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Example.png&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;). Do not include the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;File:&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; prefix.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;image_size&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Width of the image in pixels (e.g. &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;200px&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;). Defaults to &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;220px&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;alt&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Alt text for the image, for accessibility.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;caption&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || A caption displayed below the image.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;abbreviation&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Commonly used abbreviation or acronym.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;motto&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Official motto or tagline of the organisation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;type&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Type of organisation (e.g. &#039;&#039;Non-profit&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Private company&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Nightclub&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;status&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Current status (e.g. &#039;&#039;Active&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Defunct&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;founded&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Date of founding. Use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; for machine-readable dates.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;founders&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Name(s) of founder(s).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;dissolved&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Date of dissolution, if applicable.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;merger&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Organisation(s) this entity merged with.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;predecessor&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Predecessor organisation(s).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;successor&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Successor organisation(s).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;headquarters&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || City/country of headquarters.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;location&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Full address or location description.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;coords&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Geographic coordinates. Use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Coord}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;region&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Region or country of operation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;area_served&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Geographic area served (e.g. &#039;&#039;Worldwide&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;United Kingdom&#039;&#039;).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;language&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; || Official or operating lan&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sound&amp;diff=2</id>
		<title>Ministry of Sound</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.ravewiki.com/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sound&amp;diff=2"/>
		<updated>2026-04-12T17:16:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Jasongeek: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Infobox organization | name          = Ministry of Sound | image         =  | caption       =  | type          = Multimedia entertainment business | founded       = {{Start date|1991|9|21}} | founders      = Justin Berkmann&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Humphrey Waterhouse | location      = 103 Gaunt Street, Elephant and Castle, London, England | area_served   = Worldwide | key_people    = Lohan Presencer (Chairman)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Justin Berkmann (Co-founder)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo (Co-fo...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox organization&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Ministry of Sound&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| type          = Multimedia entertainment business&lt;br /&gt;
| founded       = {{Start date|1991|9|21}}&lt;br /&gt;
| founders      = Justin Berkmann&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Humphrey Waterhouse&lt;br /&gt;
| location      = 103 Gaunt Street, [[Elephant and Castle]], [[London]], England&lt;br /&gt;
| area_served   = Worldwide&lt;br /&gt;
| key_people    = Lohan Presencer (Chairman)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Justin Berkmann (Co-founder)&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;James Palumbo (Co-founder)&lt;br /&gt;
| industry      = Nightlife, Music, Entertainment&lt;br /&gt;
| products      = Nightclub, Record label, Radio, Events, Compilations, Fitness&lt;br /&gt;
| website       = {{URL|ministryofsound.com}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound&#039;&#039;&#039; (also known as &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Group&#039;&#039;&#039;) is a [[multimedia]] entertainment business based in [[London]], England. Originally founded as a nightclub in 1991, it has grown into a global brand encompassing a record label, radio station, worldwide events operations, music publishing, a members&#039; club, co-working space, and a fitness studio. It is widely regarded as one of the most influential institutions in the history of [[electronic dance music]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Origins and founding===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound was conceived by DJ and music enthusiast &#039;&#039;&#039;Justin Berkmann&#039;&#039;&#039;, who had spent time in [[New York City]] in the late 1980s and was profoundly influenced by the [[Paradise Garage]], a legendary club fronted by [[Larry Levan]] that played a pivotal role in the birth of [[house music]]. Berkmann later described the Paradise Garage as &amp;quot;an amazing club. It had lights, darkness, music, quiet – everything you wanted.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Upon returning to London in 1988, Berkmann found the club scene lacking in comparable venues and began searching for a site to realise his vision: a space dedicated entirely to sound quality and dance music. After approximately a year of scouting locations across London, he found a disused bus garage in [[Elephant and Castle]], [[Southwark]], which met his key criteria of good transport connectivity and sufficient distance from residential neighbours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berkmann partnered with entrepreneur &#039;&#039;&#039;James Palumbo&#039;&#039;&#039;, who was then working in property finance, and &#039;&#039;&#039;Humphrey Waterhouse&#039;&#039;&#039; to finance and build the club. The philosophy was unambiguous: sound first, lights second, design third — the inverse of most contemporary venues.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Opening night===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound opened on &#039;&#039;&#039;21 September 1991&#039;&#039;&#039;, making it the [[United Kingdom]]&#039;s first nightclub dedicated to [[house music]]. The opening night was notable for the absence of alcohol, as the founders had been unable to obtain a liquor licence in time; nonetheless, crowds arrived in large numbers. Access was controlled by strict &amp;quot;pickers&amp;quot; — door staff whose role was to ensure an authentic and diverse mix of genuine dance music devotees rather than a celebrity-driven crowd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opening sets were performed by American house and garage DJs including [[Larry Levan]], [[David Morales]], [[Roger Sanchez]], and [[Tony Humphries]], as well as [[Paul Oakenfold]].&lt;br /&gt;
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===The sound system===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The defining feature of Ministry of Sound from its inception was its extraordinary investment in audio technology. The founders spent approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;£500,000&#039;&#039;&#039; on a bespoke sound system, with an equivalent sum spent on soundproofing the building using [[magnesite]], allowing the system to be tested at volumes up to &#039;&#039;&#039;156 decibels&#039;&#039;&#039; without sound leaking to the exterior.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sound system was designed in collaboration with engineers associated with [[Richard Long Audio]] (RLA), the same company responsible for the legendary sound system at the Paradise Garage. The main room, &#039;&#039;&#039;The Box&#039;&#039;&#039;, became renowned worldwide for its acoustic quality and immersive atmosphere. The club has won the [[International Dance Music Awards|IDMA]] &#039;World&#039;s Best Sound System&#039; award every year the category was contested.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2016, Ministry of Sound partnered with [[Dolby Laboratories]] to install a &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dolby Atmos]]&#039;&#039;&#039; surround sound system in The Box — a first for the nightclub industry. The Box now features a 64-speaker, 22-channel configuration capable of routing specific sounds to precise areas of the space.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Expansion into media and entertainment===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the mid-1990s, Ministry of Sound expanded beyond the nightclub to become a broader entertainment brand:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Record label&#039;&#039;&#039;: Launched as &amp;quot;Sound of Ministry,&amp;quot; the label&#039;s first release was &#039;&#039;Sessions Volume One&#039;&#039; by [[Tony Humphries]]. It went on to release era-defining tracks including [[Benny Benassi]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Satisfaction,&amp;quot; [[Eric Prydz]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Call On Me,&amp;quot; and [[Fedde Le Grand]]&#039;s &amp;quot;Put Your Hands Up For Detroit,&amp;quot; as well as signing pop and crossword acts such as [[London Grammar]]. By 2016, Sony Music had acquired the label&#039;s A&amp;amp;R and compilations business.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Compilations&#039;&#039;&#039;: The Ministry of Sound compilations became some of the best-selling dance music albums in the world, with cumulative sales exceeding &#039;&#039;&#039;70 million&#039;&#039;&#039; copies. The &#039;&#039;Annual&#039;&#039; series in particular helped bring dance music to mainstream audiences. The label has produced over 40 UK No. 1 albums.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Radio&#039;&#039;&#039;: Ministry of Sound Radio attracts more than one million listeners per month.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Events and touring&#039;&#039;&#039;: Under its Ministry of Sound and [[Hed Kandi]] brands, the group hosts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;500 international events&#039;&#039;&#039; annually across the world.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Management changes===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Co-founder James Palumbo served as chairman and CEO of the group. He handed over day-to-day management to &#039;&#039;&#039;Lohan Presencer&#039;&#039;&#039; in 2008; Presencer became Chairman in 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Threat of closure and legal battles===&lt;br /&gt;
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Ministry of Sound&#039;s existence has been challenged on several occasions by nearby redevelopment in Elephant and Castle. The most prominent case concerned the proposed redevelopment of &#039;&#039;&#039;Eileen House&#039;&#039;&#039;, a tower block adjacent to the club&#039;s entrance. Between 2009 and 2014, Ministry of Sound mounted sustained public campaigns to resist the threat of closure. The matter culminated in a hearing before then-[[Mayor of London]] [[Boris Johnson]] at [[City Hall, London|City Hall]] in November 2013. On &#039;&#039;&#039;19 December 2013&#039;&#039;&#039;, a legal agreement was reached between Ministry of Sound and developer Oakmayne, allowing Eileen House to be redeveloped without jeopardising the club&#039;s future.&lt;br /&gt;
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===The Ministry workspace===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2018, the group opened &#039;&#039;&#039;The Ministry&#039;&#039;&#039;, a contemporary members&#039; club and shared workspace for creative businesses on Borough Road, London. The building includes private offices, co-working areas, meeting spaces, soundproofed studios, an immersive technology suite, a full-service restaurant, a 70-foot bar, an outdoor terrace, a 40-seat cinema, and an events programme.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Ministry of Sound Fitness===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Located in what was previously the club&#039;s alcohol storage vault, &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Fitness&#039;&#039;&#039; opened in February 2017. The studio combines club-quality sound systems and lighting with bespoke high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts led by instructors.&lt;br /&gt;
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==The nightclub==&lt;br /&gt;
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===Venue and rooms===&lt;br /&gt;
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The nightclub is located at &#039;&#039;&#039;103 Gaunt Street&#039;&#039;&#039; in Elephant and Castle, Southwark, London. The venue comprises four rooms:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Room !! Description&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Box&#039;&#039;&#039; || The main room; capacity approximately 600. Internationally renowned for its sound system and acoustics.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The 103&#039;&#039;&#039; || A second main room for live performances and club nights.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Baby Box&#039;&#039;&#039; || A smaller room used for more intimate events.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;The Loft&#039;&#039;&#039; || An additional space for events and DJ sets.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Regular club nights===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound hosts several weekly recurring club nights:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;The Gallery&#039;&#039;&#039; (Fridays) — primarily [[trance music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Various house nights&#039;&#039;&#039; (Saturdays) — primarily [[house music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Milkshake&#039;&#039;&#039; (Tuesdays) — a student-oriented night, running since 2002&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club attracts approximately &#039;&#039;&#039;300,000 clubbers per year&#039;&#039;&#039; and has hosted sets from DJs including [[Pete Tong]], [[Adam Beyer]], [[DJ Harvey]], [[Dixon (DJ)|Dixon]], and [[Marshmello]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ministry of Sound Classical===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An annual touring concert series, &#039;&#039;&#039;Ministry of Sound Classical&#039;&#039;&#039; presents orchestral reinterpretations of iconic dance music tracks. The tour has sold out major London venues, and in 2020 expanded to [[Royal Albert Hall]] due to demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Interior design===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club&#039;s original interior designs were inspired by cinematic themes. The first set design was based on [[Blade Runner]], Justin Berkmann&#039;s favourite film, drawing on a New York club called Area&#039;s practice of using rotating theatrical set designs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultural significance==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ministry of Sound is widely credited with establishing the template for the modern British superclub — its approach to layout, sound engineering, and curated DJ culture has been enormously influential on nightlife globally. It was the first club in the UK dedicated to house music, and played a central role in transitioning dance music from illegal raves and temporary spaces to permanent, architecturally considered venues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The club has also been cited as a key catalyst in bringing American house and garage DJs — including Larry Levan, David Morales, and Roger Sanchez — to wider UK and European audiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In recognition of its cultural heritage, Ministry of Sound has been afforded protections comparable to listed theatrical venues, giving it a degree of legal security against future redevelopment threats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Paradise Garage]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fabric (nightclub)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cream (club night)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Electronic dance music]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[House music in the United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.ministryofsound.com Official website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Nightclubs in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Music venues in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Record labels established in the 1990s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronic music record labels]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Entertainment companies of the United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Companies based in London]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1991 establishments in England]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Elephant and Castle]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Jasongeek</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>